my primbon part 2

my primbon part 1

PRIMBON SMSTR 2

GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT AND CONGRATULATION

1. 
   

š Gratitude is a feeling of being grateful or the desire to expression thanks

Expression of gratitude :

• Thank you
• Thank you very much
• I want to thank …
• Thank you for your help, etc.

Responding :

• Not at all
• No problem
• Don’t mention it
• You’re welcome
• Glad to be help
• (it was) my pleasure
• It was nothing not all

š Compliment is an expression, admiration, approval, etc.

Some people use compliment to “butter up” some body or filter in other to increase good will.

Example :

1. On his / her general appearance
2. If you notice something new about the person appearance
3. When you visit someone’s house for the first time

Expression of compliment :

~ What a nice dress

~ You look great

~ You look very nice

~ Good grates

~ Excellent

~ Nice work

š Congratulation is the action congratulating. Always compliment or congratulate your friend when the succeed in doing or wear something nice

Expression of congratulation :

Congratulation

Happy birthday

Happy Christmas

Well done

That’s great

That’s wonderful

Responding :

F Thanks

F Thank you very much

Surprise and Disbeliefs

Ä Surprise

a) When you got a surprising fact, you can say :

• Do you know what ?
• Believe it or not
• You may not believe it, but …
• Can you believe this

Respon :

• Really ?
• Are you joking ?
• Where ? show me

b) When you say to express surprise or disbelieve, can say:

• What a surprise ! / that’s a surprise
• (well) that’s very surprising !
• Really ?
• What ?
• Are you serious ? you must be joking !
• You’re kidding ?
• Fancy that
• I must say … surprise me

Advertisement

ü Advertisement is information for persuading and motivate a people so that it will attracted them to service and things that are affered

ü Function of advertisement

1. Promoun
2. Communication
3. Information

Making an advertisement

1. Language of advertisement

• Using the correct suitable word
• Using the interesting expression and suggestive
• Text of advertisement should directly to the goals

1. Advertisement content

• Objective and hoarest
• Don’t to allude group and to other produces

Kind of advertisement

Family advertisement

Invitation

Sponsored

Requested

News

Announcement

Narrative Text

Narrative text is the text that tells in from of fairy tale, legend, fable, science, fiction, and mystery.

The generic structure :

Ä Orientation : The setting or story, consist of :

1. Starting point of narrative story to make reader understand what the story’s talking about.

Example :

- Once upon a time

- Long time ago

- Early one morning

1. Describing the main character of the story

Example :

Cinderella was a beautiful and kind lady

Ä Complication : The problem raises in the story

Example :

- One day

- She bought a knife …

Ä Resolution : The thing happens after the problem raised.

Example :

Cinderella could go if …

Modal in The Past Form

Modals / auxiliaries ð kata kerja bantu yang berfungsi untuk membantu kata (berikut, diterangkan modal dalam bentuk lampau).

1. Could
   1. To indicate the ability existed in the past but don’t exist in the present / now.

Example :

I could speak Spanish when I was kid, but I’m losing a now.

1. To express polite request

Example :

Could I borrow your pen, please ?

1. Would
   1. In past form

Example :

I would you stay in London

He would build the firm as he lived in Paris

1. More polite request

Example :

Would you please open the door ?

Would you help me for a moment ?

1. Foraction, that was repeated regularly in the past

1. Ought to (past form from must) use to :
   1. In present or future time

Example :

You ought to work hard

1. Might
   1. Small possibility

Example :

I might help you

I might go, but it depend on the weather

1. Possibility in direct and indirect sentences

Example :

She said that she might get married on August

The weather report said that it might rain tomorrow

1. Permission

Example :

Might I pass you ?

Might I be excused early ?

1. Should
   1. Advisability

Example :

- You don’t have money, you should work hard

- You have cold, you should take the blanket

1. Obligation

Example :

- The student should study hard

- The government should pay attention to education

Direct and Indirect Speech

• Direct speech is refers to reproducing another person exact words. We use quotation marks (“—“)

• Indirect speech is refers to reproducing the idea of another person words. Not all of the exact words are used : verb forms and pronouns may change. Don’t use quotation marks.

Example :

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Vita said, “I am tired” Mr. Chandra said, “I go to the office”.	Vita said that she was tired Mr. Chandra said that he went to the office

1. If the main verb of the sentences is in the past (said), the verb in the noun clause is usually also in a past form.
2. If the main verb of the sentences is in the present (say) no change is made in the verb tense or modal in the noun clause
3. When you change a direct speech into the indirect form, you also change the adverb of time.

Kind of Indirect Speech

1. Command / Request

Example :

- Direct : Mr. Chandra said to Vita, Don’t worry about it !”

- Indirect : Mr. Chandra told Vita Not to worry about it

1. Question

Example :

- Direct : Vita asked, “are you a journalist?”

- Indirect : Vita asked if I was a journalist

1. Statement

Example :

- Direct : Mr. Chan.dra said, “I worked hard yesterday”.

- Indirect : Mr. Chandra said that he had worked hard the day before.

Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is to describe something. Particular person place or thing.

General Struktur

1. Identification : Identifies phenomenon to be described
2. Description : Descript parts, quality, characteristic

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense is a tense that used to express of obviously, or habitually.

Simple present tense to used : V­₁

I, you, we, they = V₁

(She, he, it = V₁ + s/es)

1.1 Kalimat Nominal

Positive : Subject + to be + O_c

Negative : Subject + to be not + O_c

Pertanyaan : To be + subject + O_c ?

Example :

Positive : I am go to school

Negative : I am not go to school

Pertanyaan : am I go to school ?

1.2 Kalimat Verbal

Positive : Subject + V₁ – s/es + O_c

Negative : Subject + do/does not + V₁ + O_c

Pertanyaan : do / does + Subject + V₁ + O_c ?

Kata kerja dengan akhiran ch, o, sh, ss, x, kata kerjanya ditambah “es”.

Example : Catch = catches

do = does

go = goes

News Item

A new item text is a factual text which informs readers of daily newspaper about event of the day which are regarded as news worthy or important.

The structure of the text consist of three parts :

1. Newsworthy event : recount the events in summary form
2. Background events : Elaborate what happened, to whom, and in what circumstances.
3. Sources : Comments by participants in, witnesses to, and authorities expert on the event.

Use the expression to tell news to other people :

- Guest what !

- I’ve got hot news !

- Let me tell you about it

- I got again you know

- I’ve got something to tell you

- Hey, have you heard that …

Respond :

- That’s terisific

- That’s about …

- Well … what can I say ?

To make newspaper headlines more comprehensible :

1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate form of “to be”

Ex : Town contaminated

(town is contaminated)

1. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used

1. The present progressive tense is used, usually to describe something that is changing or developing, but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.

Example : World hading for energy crisis

( the world is heading for an energy crisis)

1. to refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive

1. Headlines are not always complete sentences

Example :

More earthquakes in Japan

( More earthquakes happened in Japan )

Finite Verbs

Finite verbs is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of languages in which it occurs.

Finite verb can form independent clause, which stand by their own as complete sentence.

A sentence life thanks for your help. Has a nintergection where could have a subject and a finite verb form.

In English, as in most related languages, only verb in certain moods are finite. These include :

1. The indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs)

- The buldozer demolished the restaurant, “these leaves were yellow and stiff”.

-

1. The imperative mood (giving a command)

1. The subjunctive mood (expressing something that might or might not be state of affairs depending on something other part of the sentence)

Noun Phrase

Noun phrase is a phrases whose head is a noun or a pronoun, optionally accompanied by a set of modifiers.

The modifiers may be :

1. Determiners : articles (the : a), demonstrative (this , that), numberals (two ; five ; etc), and quantifier (some ; many)

1. Adjectives (the read ball) or

1. Complements : In the form of a preposional phrases (such as : the student of physics) or a that clauses (the claim that the earth is round)

1. Modifiers premodifiers is placed before the noun and usually either as nouns (the university student) or adjective (the beautiful lady) and past modifiers if placed after the noun ; past modifiers may by either a prepositional phrase (the man with long hair a relative clause, the house where I live )

Pola Noun Phrase

Number + colour + noun

Example :

± One red tie

± Two black suitcase

@ Contoh lain

± a beautiful garden

± a big house

± a clever student

± a large yard

± a nice card

± an old building

± a perfect place

Passive Voice

Passive voice is sentence that used when the focus or not know and however, who or what performing the action.

• Pola Umum :

to be + V₃ (Past participle)

• Rumus pola active present tense :

1. Simple : S + V₁ + O

Example : Ratu writes a letter

1. Continuous : S + is/am/are-ing

Example : Ratu is writing a letter

1. Perfect : S + have/has + V₃

Example : Ratu has written a letter

1. Perfect Continuous : S + have/has + been + V-ing

Example : Ratu has been writing a letter

• Rumus pola passive present tense :

1. Simple : S + is / am / are / + V₃

Example : a letter is written by Ratu

1. Continuous : S + is/am/are + being + V₃

Example : a latter is being written by Ratu

1. Perfect : S + have/has + been + V₃

Example : a letter has been written by Ratu

1. Perfect Continuous : S + have/has + been + V₃

Example : a letter has been being written by Ratu

• Rumus pola active past tense :

1. Simple : S + V₂ + O

Example : Ratu wrote a letter

1. Continuous : S + was/were + V-ing

Example : Ratu was writing a letter

1. Perfect : S + have/has + V₃

Example : Ratu has written a latter

1. Perfect Continuous : S + had+ been + V-ing

Example : Ratu had been writing a letter

• Rumus pola passive past tense :

1. Simple : S + was/were + V₃
2. Continuous : S + was/were + being + V₃
3. Perfect : S + has + been + V₃
4. Perfect Continuous : S + had + been + being + V₃

Kalimat yang Menggunakan Modal :

1) Active : We can solve the problem

Passive : The problem can solve

2) Active : They may open the hotel next year

Passive : The hotel may be opened next year

Kalimat dengan Complement atau Sub-Clause

1) Active : It is said that he is 108 year old

Passive : He is said to be old years old

2) Active : It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion

Passive : Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.